径山茶宴入选人类非遗 余杭茶韵飘香世界

径山茶宴入选人类非遗 余杭茶韵飘香世界

Jingshan Tea Ceremony: The Tea Culture of Yuhang Spreading in the World

    11月29日，联合国教科文组织保护非物质文化遗产政府间委员会第十七届常会在摩洛哥拉巴特举行。会上再传喜讯，由我国单独申报的“中国传统制茶技艺及其相关习俗”项目正式入选联合国教科文组织新一批人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。径山茶宴作为其中的重要组成部分，共同列入人类非遗。The 17th session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage was hosted by the Kingdom of Morocco in Rabat on November 29th, 2022. The project of Chinese traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices, independently proposed by the People's Republic of China, has been officially inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. As a major part of the project, Jingshan Tea Ceremony has jointly enjoyed the glory.     至此，我国共有43个非物质文化遗产项目入选联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产代表作名录，居世界第一。以径山茶宴为代表的中国茶文化，展现着“礼仪之邦”的大国形象，散播着独特的东方神韵。Having the newly-approved 43rd member, China now ranks the first in the number of the Intangible Cultural Heritage projects on the UNESCO Representative List. Represented by Jingshan Tea Ceremony, the Chinese Tea Culture shapes the image of a country that highly values etiquette, reflecting the distinctive Chinese charm.     径山茶宴兴于中唐，盛于两宋，是杭州市余杭区径山寺接待贵客上宾时的一种大堂茶会，是独特的以茶敬客的传统茶宴礼仪习俗，是我国古代茶宴礼俗的存续，也是我国茶俗文化的杰出代表。径山茶宴从张茶榜、击茶鼓、恭请入堂、上香礼佛、煎汤点茶、行盏分茶、说偈吃茶到谢茶退堂，有十多道仪式程序。以茶参禅问道，是径山茶宴的精髓和核心。Originated in the middle years of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), Jingshan Tea Ceremony enjoyed popularity in the Song Dynasty (920-1279). It is a ceremonious tea- etiquette for the distinguished guests hosted by the Wanshou Buddhist Temple of Jing Mountain, Yuhang District, Hangzhou City. Unique and traditional as it is, the Jingshan Tea Ceremony inherits the ancient Chinese tea custom, as well as an outstanding representative of Chinese tea culture. Jingshan Tea Ceremony has more than a dozen of rituals and procedures, namely, posting tea ceremony invitation written in traditional Chinese verse, beating the tea drum, guiding the guests into the hall, burning the incense and praying before the Buddha, pouring hot water over fine powdered tea and drawing on the froth of tea powder, distributing tea into a series of tea cups, serving tea cups to guests, enjoying tea soup while listening to the eminent monk’s Gatha, finally expressing thanks and leaving. The essence of Jingshan Tea Ceremony is ruminating on the thought of Zen while drinking tea. Zen is a major school of Buddhism initiated by a Chinese monk of Tang Dynasty.      据介绍，径山茶宴堂设古雅，程式规范，主躬客庄，礼仪备至，依时如法，和洽圆融，蕴涵丰富，体现了禅院清规和礼仪、茶艺的完美结合，具有品格高古、清雅绝伦的独特风格，堪称我国禅茶文化的经典样式。Jingshan Tea Ceremony is set with elegance and carried out with a series of rituals. The host is modest and the guests are humble and respectful. The etiquette is perfectly preserved and tea-time-rule is strictly followed. Being full of harmony and implications in simple style, Jingshan Tea Ceremony integrates Zen rules with etiquette and tea arts. It is unanimously established that Jingshan Tea Ceremony is the classic of Zen- Tea- Culture in China. 径山茶宴具有悠久的历史价值和丰富的文化内涵，以茶论道，禅茶一味，体现了中国禅茶文化的精神品格，丰富并提升了中国茶文化的内涵，具有学术研究价值。
Jingshan Tea Ceremony has long history and abundant cultural implications. It incarnates the spiritual character of Chinese Zen Tea culture，enriches and dignifies Chinese tea culture and is worth of academic research.
不仅如此，径山茶宴还是日本茶道的渊源，对中日文化交流起到桥梁和纽带作用。此外，径山茶宴对于近代“茶话会”的形成、对杭州地区民间饮茶礼仪习俗的存续都有着重要影响，民俗学价值突出。
Moreover, Jingshan Tea Ceremony, the origin of Japanese Tea Ceremony, facilitates exchanges of Sino-Japan culture. Besides, it has prominent value in folklore for its profound influence on the tea parties formed in the early years of 1900’s, and the inherit of folk tea customs of tea drinking in Hangzhou area.
如今，只要在节假日走进“禅茶第一村”余杭径山村，游人不仅可以品饮绿茶、红茶和抹茶，还能体验宋韵点茶。茶艺师手握竹制茶筅，快速击拂杯中茶汤，再将茶筅微微提起，茶汤颜色渐浓，沫浡渐出……换上宋制服装，静待一盏好茶的游客就不禁感叹：“原来宋代文人喝茶如此文雅、讲究。”
Currently, when visiting the Jingshan Village, the best-known Village of Zen Tea, in the holidays, people can not only taste the green tea, black tea and Matcha, but also learn and practice the Song-style Dian Cha. Holding the bamboo brush, the tea specialist keeps whisking quickly the tea soup for several minutes before she slightly hikes up the brush, when the tea becomes thicker and the froth finally appears. Waiting for a cup of tea as well as appreciating the tea art, the visitors temporarily dressed in Song costume would be amazed by the exquisite style of tea-drinking popular with the intellectuals of the Song Dynasty.
回望宋韵茶事，是对传统的回味，更是对茶文化的激活。近年来，余杭深挖禅茶主题，大力推动文旅融合发展。连年举办的“中国茶圣节”、茶祖祭典、径山茶汤会、禅村喫茶节等活动，提升了径山茶品牌效应；径山禅宗祖庭文化论坛，充分发挥禅茶文化在中日韩等东亚地区的影响力，积极打造对外交流文化名片；“茶道之源”余杭传统工艺工作站，打造了鲜明的文化标识，也打造着非遗展示、体验、研学新空间……阵阵茶香中，余杭不断盛放着乡村振兴与禅茶文化的崭新活力。
It is not only a recollection of the tradition to retrospect the tea tradition with Song culture essence, but the revitalization of the tea culture. In recent years, Yuhang District has effectively explored the theme of Zen Tea, and vigorously promoted the integrated development of culture and tourism. A row of tea cultural events, such as the "Chinese Tea-Sage Festival", Tea Ancestor Memorial Ceremony, Jingshan Tea-Soup Ceremony, Tea Tasting Carnival of Zen Village has polished the brand of Jingshan Tea. The Jingshan Zen Birthplace Cultural Forum, which has significant influence of Zen tea culture in China, Japan and South Korea, has become an important event of international cultural exchanges. The Yuhang traditional craft workstation named "the source of Tea Ceremony" creates a distinct cultural identity, and a novel cultural space for the display, experience and research of intangible cultural heritage. In the constant tea scent, Yuhang is on the way of displaying the new vitality of rural revitalization and Zen tea culture.
记者：陈琪 黄蓓雯  通讯员：王祖龙 高洁  译者：王雅平 黄一旸
Correspondents: Qi Chen, Beiwen Huang, Zulong Wang, Jie Gao
Translated by Yaping Wang, YIyang Huang